Java JDBC Thin Driver 连接 Oracle 三种方法说明

15-12-01 来源：[db:作者]

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一.JDBC 连接Oracle 说明

JDBC 的应用连接Oracle 遇到问题，错误如下：

ORA-12505,TNS:listener does not currently know of SID given in connect descriptor TheConnection descriptor used by the client was。

我在DB 层面配置了静态注册，并且GLOBAL_DBNAME和SID_NAME 不一样，以往的配置都是一样的，所以没有发现这个问题。

(SID_DESC =

(GLOBAL_DBNAME = dave)

(ORACLE_HOME =D:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1)

(SID_NAME = NEWCCS)

)

Oracle Listener 动态注册与静态注册

/database/201302/187441.html

在网上google 了一下，发现JDBC Thin Driver 的formats 有三种格式：

格式一: Oracle JDBC Thin using a ServiceName:

jdbc:oracle:thin:@//<host>:<port>/<service_name>

Example: jdbc:oracle:thin:@//192.168.2.1:1521/XE

注意这里的格式，@后面有//, 这是与使用SID的主要区别。

这种格式是Oracle 推荐的格式，因为对于集群来说，每个节点的SID 是不一样的，但是SERVICE_NAME 确可以包含所有节点。

格式二: Oracle JDBC Thin using an SID:

jdbc:oracle:thin:@<host>:<port>:<SID>

Example: jdbc:oracle:thin:192.168.2.1:1521:X01A

Note: Support for SID is being phased out. Oracle recommends that users switch over to usingservice names.

格式三：Oracle JDBC Thin using a TNSName:

jdbc:oracle:thin:@<TNSName>

Example: jdbc:oracle:thin:@GL

Note:

Support for TNSNames was added in the driver release 10.2.0.1

二.测试

2.1 准备工作：

Oracle 是11gR2

Listener.ora

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

 (SID_LIST =

   (SID_DESC =

     (GLOBAL_DBNAME = dave)

         (ORACLE_HOME =D:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1)

     (SID_NAME = NEWCCS)

    )

  )



Tnsnames.ora

DVD =

 (DESCRIPTION =

   (ADDRESS_LIST =

     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 127.0.0.1)(PORT = 1521))

    )

   (CONNECT_DATA =

     (SERVICE_NAME = dave)

    )

  )

2.2 测试1，使用SID:newccs

import java.sql.*;  
   
public class jdbc {  
    String dbUrl = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@127.0.0.1:1521:newccs";  
    String theUser = "dave";  
    String thePw = "dave";  
    Connection c = null;  
    Statement conn;  
    ResultSet rs = null;  
   
    public jdbc() {  
       try {  
           Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver").newInstance();  
           c = DriverManager.getConnection(dbUrl, theUser, thePw);  
           conn = c.createStatement();  
       } catch (Exception e) {  
           e.printStackTrace();  
       }  
    }  
   
    public boolean executeUpdate(String sql) {  
       try {  
           conn.executeUpdate(sql);  
           return true;  
       } catch (SQLException e) {  
           e.printStackTrace();  
           return false;  
       }  
    }  
   
    public ResultSet executeQuery(String sql) {  
       rs = null;  
       try {  
           rs = conn.executeQuery(sql);  
       } catch (SQLException e) {  
           e.printStackTrace();  
       }  
       return rs;  
    }  
   
    public void close() {  
       try {  
           conn.close();  
           c.close();  
       } catch (Exception e) {  
           e.printStackTrace();  
       }  
    }  
   
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
       ResultSet rs;  
       jdbc conn = new jdbc();  
       rs = conn.executeQuery("select * from dave where rownum<5");  
       try {  
           while (rs.next()) {  
              System.out.println(rs.getString("username")+"--"+rs.getString("user_id"));  
           }  
       } catch (Exception e) {  
           e.printStackTrace();  
       }  
    }  
}  
   
---输出正常：  
MGMT_VIEW--97  
ANQING--94  
DVD--93  
SYSMAN--95

2.3 使用 service_name：dave

将2.2 节的dbUrl 改成如下：

String dbUrl = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@//127.0.0.1:1521/dave";

输出结果：

MGMT_VIEW--97

ANQING--94

DVD--93

SYSMAN--95

如果在11g里遇到如下错误：

测试运行Java 类，报错：

java.sql.SQLException: The Network Adapter could not establish the connection

可以尝试更换对应的 jdbc connection driver，官网的说明如下：

JDBC Thin Driver 11g Causes"Java.Sql.Sqlexception: Io Exception: The Network Adapter Could NotEstablish The Connection" While Connecting to Oracle Database 11g [ID947653.1]

Change the JDBC connection driver class inyour application server from:

oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver

oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver

2.4 使用TNS name： dvd

String dbUrl = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@dvd";

报错如下：

java.sql.SQLException: Unknown host specified

该问题是因为JVM 没有oracle.net.tns_admin的system property。解决方法有2种：

方法一：在启动VM 时添加如下参数：

-Doracle.net.tns_admin=D:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\NETWORK\ADMIN

方法二：在java 代码里添加：

System.setProperty("oracle.net.tns_admin","D:\\app\\Administrator\\product\\11.2.0\\dbhome_1\\NETWORK\\ADMIN");

添加之后，就可以正常在JDBC中使用tnsnama了。

import java.sql.*;  
   
public class jdbc {  
    String dbUrl = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@dvd";  
//  String dbUrl = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@//127.0.0.1:1521/dave";  
//  String dbUrl = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@127.0.0.1:1521:newccs";  
    String theUser = "dave";  
    String thePw = "dave";  
    Connection c = null;  
    Statement conn;  
    ResultSet rs = null;  
   
    public jdbc() {  
       try {  
       System.setProperty("oracle.net.tns_admin","D:\\app\\Administrator\\product\\11.2.0\\dbhome_1\\NETWORK\\ADMIN");  
           Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver").newInstance();  
//         Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver").newInstance();  
           c = DriverManager.getConnection(dbUrl, theUser, thePw);  
           conn = c.createStatement();  
       } catch (Exception e) {  
           e.printStackTrace();  
       }  
    }  
   
    public boolean executeUpdate(String sql) {  
       try {  
           conn.executeUpdate(sql);  
           return true;  
       } catch (SQLException e) {  
           e.printStackTrace();  
           return false;  
       }  
    }  
   
    public ResultSet executeQuery(String sql) {  
       rs = null;  
       try {  
           rs = conn.executeQuery(sql);  
       } catch (SQLException e) {  
           e.printStackTrace();  
       }  
       return rs;  
    }  
   
    public void close() {  
       try {  
           conn.close();  
           c.close();  
       } catch (Exception e) {  
           e.printStackTrace();  
       }  
    }  
   
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
       ResultSet rs;  
       jdbc conn = new jdbc();  
       rs = conn.executeQuery("select * from dave where rownum<5");  
       try {  
           while (rs.next()) {  
              System.out.println(rs.getString("username")+"--"+rs.getString("user_id"));  
           }  
       } catch (Exception e) {  
           e.printStackTrace();  
       }  
    }  
}

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