Shell脚本中执行sql语句操作mysql的5种方法

对于自动化运维，诸如备份恢复之类的，DBA经常需要将SQL语句封装到shell脚本。本文描述了在Linux环境下mysql数据库中，shell脚本下调用sql语句的几种方法，供大家参考。对于脚本输出的结果美化，需要进一步完善和调整。以下为具体的示例及其方法。

1、将SQL语句直接嵌入到shell脚本文件中

复制代码代码如下:
--演示环境
[root@SZDB ~]# more /etc/issue
CentOS release 5.9 (Final)
Kernel \r on an \m

root@localhost[(none)]> show variables like 'version';
+---------------+------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+------------+
| version | 5.6.12-log |
+---------------+------------+

[root@SZDB ~]# more shell_call_sql1.sh
#!/bin/bash
# Define log
TIMESTAMP=`date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S`
LOG=call_sql_${TIMESTAMP}.log
echo "Start execute sql statement at `date`." >>${LOG}

# execute sql stat
mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "
tee /tmp/temp.log
drop database if exists tempdb;
create database tempdb;
use tempdb
create table if not exists tb_tmp(id smallint,val varchar(20));
insert into tb_tmp values (1,'jack'),(2,'robin'),(3,'mark');
select * from tb_tmp;
notee
quit"

echo -e "\n">>${LOG}
echo "below is output result.">>${LOG}
cat /tmp/temp.log>>${LOG}
echo "script executed successful.">>${LOG}
exit;

[root@SZDB ~]# ./shell_call_sql1.sh
Logging to file '/tmp/temp.log'
+------+-------+
| id | val |
+------+-------+
| 1 | jack |
| 2 | robin |
| 3 | mark |
+------+-------+
Outfile disabled.

2、命令行调用单独的SQL文件

复制代码代码如下:
[root@SZDB ~]# more temp.sql
tee /tmp/temp.log
drop database if exists tempdb;
create database tempdb;
use tempdb
create table if not exists tb_tmp(id smallint,val varchar(20));
insert into tb_tmp values (1,'jack'),(2,'robin'),(3,'mark');
select * from tb_tmp;
notee

[root@SZDB ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "source /root/temp.sql"
Logging to file '/tmp/temp.log'
+------+-------+
| id | val |
+------+-------+
| 1 | jack |
| 2 | robin |
| 3 | mark |
+------+-------+
Outfile disabled.

3、使用管道符调用SQL文件

复制代码代码如下:
[root@SZDB ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 Logging to file '/tmp/temp.log'
id val
1 jack
2 robin
3 mark
Outfile disabled.

#使用管道符调用SQL文件以及输出日志
[root@SZDB ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 /tmp/temp.log
[root@SZDB ~]# more /tmp/temp.log
Logging to file '/tmp/temp.log'
id val
1 jack
2 robin
3 mark
Outfile disabled.

4、shell脚本中MySQL提示符下调用SQL

复制代码代码如下:
[root@SZDB ~]# more shell_call_sql2.sh
#!/bin/bash
mysql -uroot -p123456 < source /root/temp.sql;
select current_date();
delete from tempdb.tb_tmp where id=3;
select * from tempdb.tb_tmp where id=2;
EOF
exit;
[root@SZDB ~]# ./shell_call_sql2.sh
Logging to file '/tmp/temp.log'
id val
1 jack
2 robin
3 mark
Outfile disabled.
current_date()
2014-10-14
id val
2 robin

5、shell脚本中变量输入与输出

复制代码代码如下:
[root@SZDB ~]# more shell_call_sql3.sh
#!/bin/bash
cmd="select count(*) from tempdb.tb_tmp"
cnt=$(mysql -uroot -p123456 -s -e "${cmd}")
echo "Current count is : ${cnt}"
exit
[root@SZDB ~]# ./shell_call_sql3.sh
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Current count is : 3

[root@SZDB ~]# echo "select count(*) from tempdb.tb_tmp"|mysql -uroot -p123456 -s
3

[root@SZDB ~]# more shell_call_sql4.sh
#!/bin/bash
id=1
cmd="select count(*) from tempdb.tb_tmp where id=${id}"
cnt=$(mysql -uroot -p123456 -s -e "${cmd}")
echo "Current count is : ${cnt}"
exit

[root@SZDB ~]# ./shell_call_sql4.sh
Current count is : 1

#以上脚本演示中，作抛砖引玉只用，对于输出的结果不是很规整友好，需要进一步改善和提高。