linux进程管理工具supervisor

用途

linux进程管理工具supervisor，有一个进程需要每时每刻不断的跑，但是这个进程又有可能由于各种原因有可能中断。当进程中断的时候，希望能自动重新启动它。此时，我就需要使用到了Supervisor。

前言

supervisor管理的进程必须由supervisor来启动
supervisor还要求管理的程序是非daemon程序，supervisord会帮你把它转成daemon程序，因此如果用supervisor来管理nginx的话，必须在nginx的配置文件里添加一行设置daemon off让nginx以非daemon方式启动。
supervisor工具包括4个组成部分：supervisord，supervisorctl，Web Server，XML-RPC Interface。

supervisord

它负责在自己的调用启动子程序，响应客户端的命令，重新启动崩溃或退出的子进程，记录其子进程stdout和stderr输出

supervisorctl

supervisord的命令行客户端，是一个shell界面，可以操作supervisord提供的操作功能。从supervisorctl，用户可以连接到不同的supervisord进程，获得每个子进程的状态，以及停止和启动子进程。
它通过UNIX socker或TCP socket和服务端进行连接。

Web Server

在浏览器中执行supervisorctl的各种操作

XML-RPC Interface

和HTTP服务相似，这是提供了一个XML-RPC接口。你可以通过该接口去执行supervisorctl的操作。

其中最重要的是supervisord和supervisorctl。

1：安装

sudo easy_install supervisor

2：生成配置文件

sudo su - root -c "echo_supervisord_conf > /etc/supervisord.conf"

严谨的讲，你需要对这个文件进行权限设置，因为它可能包含未加密的用户名和密码。

3：修改配置文件

在默认的配置文件中，supervisord.pid 以及 supervisor.sock 是放在 /tmp 目录下，但是 /tmp 目录是存放临时文件，里面的文件是会被 Linux 系统删除的，一旦这些文件丢失，就无法再通过 supervisorctl 来执行 restart 和 stop 命令了，将只会得到unix:///tmp/supervisor.sock不存在的错误 。

sudo vi /etc/supervisord.conf

; Sample supervisor config file.
;
; For more information on the config file, please see:
; http://supervisord.org/configuration.html
;
; Note: shell expansion ("~" or "$HOME") is not supported.  Environment
; variables can be expanded using this syntax: "%(ENV_HOME)s".

[unix_http_server]
file=/var/run/supervisor.sock   ; (the path to the socket file)
;chmod=0700                 ; socket file mode (default 0700)
;chown=nobody:nogroup       ; socket file uid:gid owner
;username=user              ; (default is no username (open server))
;password=123               ; (default is no password (open server))

;[inet_http_server]         ; inet (TCP) server disabled by default
;port=127.0.0.1:9001        ; (ip_address:port specifier, *:port for all iface)
;username=user              ; (default is no username (open server))
;password=123               ; (default is no password (open server))

[supervisord]
logfile=/var/log/supervisord.log ; (main log file;default $CWD/supervisord.log)
logfile_maxbytes=50MB        ; (max main logfile bytes b4 rotation;default 50MB)
logfile_backups=10           ; (num of main logfile rotation backups;default 10)
loglevel=info                ; (log level;default info; others: debug,warn,trace)
pidfile=/var/run/supervisord.pid ; (supervisord pidfile;default supervisord.pid)
nodaemon=false               ; (start in foreground if true;default false)
minfds=1024                  ; (min. avail startup file descriptors;default 1024)
minprocs=200                 ; (min. avail process descriptors;default 200)
;umask=022                   ; (process file creation umask;default 022)
;user=chrism                 ; (default is current user, required if root)
;user=root                    ; (default is current user, required if root)
;password=rootpasswd        ; (default is no password (open server))
;identifier=supervisor       ; (supervisord identifier, default is 'supervisor')
;directory=/tmp              ; (default is not to cd during start)
;nocleanup=true              ; (don't clean up tempfiles at start;default false)
;childlogdir=/tmp            ; ('AUTO' child log dir, default $TEMP)
;environment=KEY=value       ; (key value pairs to add to environment)
;strip_ansi=false            ; (strip ansi escape codes in logs; def. false)

; the below section must remain in the config file for RPC
; (supervisorctl/web interface) to work, additional interfaces may be
; added by defining them in separate rpcinterface: sections
[rpcinterface:supervisor]
supervisor.rpcinterface_factory = supervisor.rpcinterface:make_main_rpcinterface

[supervisorctl]
serverurl=unix:///var/run/supervisor.sock ; use a unix:// URL  for a unix socket
;serverurl=http://127.0.0.1:9001 ; use an http:// url to specify an inet socket
;username=chris              ; should be same as http_username if set
;password=123                ; should be same as http_password if set
;prompt=mysupervisor         ; cmd line prompt (default "supervisor")
;history_file=~/.sc_history  ; use readline history if available

; The below sample program section shows all possible program subsection values,
; create one or more 'real' program: sections to be able to control them under
; supervisor.

;[program:theprogramname]
;command=/bin/cat              ; the program (relative uses PATH, can take args)
;process_name=%(program_name)s ; process_name expr (default %(program_name)s)
;numprocs=1                    ; number of processes copies to start (def 1)
;directory=/tmp                ; directory to cwd to before exec (def no cwd)
;umask=022                     ; umask for process (default None)
;priority=999                  ; the relative start priority (default 999)
;autostart=true                ; start at supervisord start (default: true)
;autorestart=unexpected        ; whether/when to restart (default: unexpected)
;startsecs=1                   ; number of secs prog must stay running (def. 1)
;startretries=3                ; max # of serial start failures (default 3)
;exitcodes=0,2                 ; 'expected' exit codes for process (default 0,2)
;stopsignal=QUIT               ; signal used to kill process (default TERM)
;stopwaitsecs=10               ; max num secs to wait b4 SIGKILL (default 10)
;stopasgroup=false             ; send stop signal to the UNIX process group (default false)
;killasgroup=false             ; SIGKILL the UNIX process group (def false)
;user=chrism                   ; setuid to this UNIX account to run the program
;redirect_stderr=true          ; redirect proc stderr to stdout (default false)
;stdout_logfile=/a/path        ; stdout log path, NONE for none; default AUTO
;stdout_logfile_maxbytes=1MB   ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB)
;stdout_logfile_backups=10     ; # of stdout logfile backups (default 10)
;stdout_capture_maxbytes=1MB   ; number of bytes in 'capturemode' (default 0)
;stdout_events_enabled=false   ; emit events on stdout writes (default false)
;stderr_logfile=/a/path        ; stderr log path, NONE for none; default AUTO
;stderr_logfile_maxbytes=1MB   ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB)
;stderr_logfile_backups=10     ; # of stderr logfile backups (default 10)
;stderr_capture_maxbytes=1MB   ; number of bytes in 'capturemode' (default 0)
;stderr_events_enabled=false   ; emit events on stderr writes (default false)
;environment=A=1,B=2           ; process environment additions (def no adds)
;serverurl=AUTO                ; override serverurl computation (childutils)

; The below sample eventlistener section shows all possible
; eventlistener subsection values, create one or more 'real'
; eventlistener: sections to be able to handle event notifications
; sent by supervisor.

;[eventlistener:theeventlistenername]
;command=/bin/eventlistener    ; the program (relative uses PATH, can take args)
;process_name=%(program_name)s ; process_name expr (default %(program_name)s)
;numprocs=1                    ; number of processes copies to start (def 1)
;events=EVENT                  ; event notif. types to subscribe to (req'd)
;buffer_size=10                ; event buffer queue size (default 10)
;directory=/tmp                ; directory to cwd to before exec (def no cwd)
;umask=022                     ; umask for process (default None)
;priority=-1                   ; the relative start priority (default -1)
;autostart=true                ; start at supervisord start (default: true)
;autorestart=unexpected        ; whether/when to restart (default: unexpected)
;startsecs=1                   ; number of secs prog must stay running (def. 1)
;startretries=3                ; max # of serial start failures (default 3)
;exitcodes=0,2                 ; 'expected' exit codes for process (default 0,2)
;stopsignal=QUIT               ; signal used to kill process (default TERM)
;stopwaitsecs=10               ; max num secs to wait b4 SIGKILL (default 10)
;stopasgroup=false             ; send stop signal to the UNIX process group (default false)
;killasgroup=false             ; SIGKILL the UNIX process group (def false)
;user=chrism                   ; setuid to this UNIX account to run the program
;redirect_stderr=true          ; redirect proc stderr to stdout (default false)
;stdout_logfile=/a/path        ; stdout log path, NONE for none; default AUTO
;stdout_logfile_maxbytes=1MB   ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB)
;stdout_logfile_backups=10     ; # of stdout logfile backups (default 10)
;stdout_events_enabled=false   ; emit events on stdout writes (default false)
;stderr_logfile=/a/path        ; stderr log path, NONE for none; default AUTO
;stderr_logfile_maxbytes=1MB   ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB)
;stderr_logfile_backups        ; # of stderr logfile backups (default 10)
;stderr_events_enabled=false   ; emit events on stderr writes (default false)
;environment=A=1,B=2           ; process environment additions
;serverurl=AUTO                ; override serverurl computation (childutils)

; The below sample group section shows all possible group values,
; create one or more 'real' group: sections to create "heterogeneous"
; process groups.

;[group:thegroupname]
;programs=progname1,progname2  ; each refers to 'x' in [program:x] definitions
;priority=999                  ; the relative start priority (default 999)

; The [include] section can just contain the "files" setting.  This
; setting can list multiple files (separated by whitespace or
; newlines).  It can also contain wildcards.  The filenames are
; interpreted as relative to this file.  Included files *cannot*
; include files themselves.

;[include]
;files = relative/directory/*.ini

4：添加program

在配置文件中，添加一个自己要执行的命令或自己写的脚本

4.1：先写个脚本

vi /home/wang/testvisor.py

#! /use/bin/env python

from datetime import datetime
import time

while True:
    print datetime.now()
    time.sleep(7)

4.2：在supervisord.conf中添加program

vi /etc/supervisord.conf

在文件中添加下面的代码

[program:printdate]
command=python testvisor.py
directory=/home/wang
stdout_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/printdate.log
stdout_logfile_maxbytes=1MB
stdout_logfile_backups=10

4.3：更多配置以及说明

;[program:应用名称]
[program:cat]

;执行的命令
command=python printdate.py

;进程名称
;当numprocs为1时,process_name=%(program_name)s
;当numprocs>=2时,%(program_name)s_%(process_num)02d
process_name=%(program_name)s

;进程数量
numprocs=1

;执行命令的目录
directory=/home/wang

;掩码
umask=022

;优先级，值越高，启动的越晚，关闭的越早。默认999
priority=999

;是否自动启动。如果是true,当supervisor启动时,程序将会自动启动
autostart=true

; 程序异常退出后自动重启
autorestart=true

; 启动10秒后没有异常退出，就当作已经正常启动了。默认1秒
startsecs=10

;该命令退出后，尝试重新启动的次数，默认3次
startretries=3

;当退出码是多少时执行重启。默认值0,2
exitcodes=0,2

;停止信号
stopsignal=TERM

stopwaitsecs=10

;以哪个用户执行该命令
user=root

;错误重定向
redirect_stderr=false

;输出日志文件
stdout_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/printdate.log

;单个日志文件的最大容量
stdout_logfile_maxbytes=1MB

;最多几个日志文件
stdout_logfile_backups=10

;错误日志
stderr_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/printdateerr.log
stderr_logfile_maxbytes=1MB
stderr_logfile_backups=10

;环境变量设置
environment=A="1",B="2"

配置修改后，需要supervisorctl update后才可以生效

5：启动supervisord

sudo supervisord -c /etc/supervisord.conf

6：查看输出

程序输出到日志文件

cat /var/log/supervisor/printdate.log

7：操作supervisord

操作supervisord是通过supervisorctl
7.1：你可以进入supervisorctl的控制台

sudo supervisorctl

7.2：也可以在shell中直接执行控制命令

sudo supervisorctl status

7.3：控制命令

printdate为[program:printdate]里配置的值，这个示例就是printdate。

停止某一个进程
sudo supervisorctl stop printdate

启动某个进程
sudo supervisorctl start printdate  

重启某个进程
sudo supervisorctl restart printdate

重启所有属于名为groupworker这个分组的进程(start,restart同理)
sudo supervisorctl stop groupworker:

停止全部进程。注：start、restart、stop都不会载入最新的配置文件。
sudo supervisorctl stop all

载入最新的配置文件，停止原有进程并按新的配置启动、管理所有进程。
sudo supervisorctl reload

根据最新的配置文件，启动新配置或有改动的进程，配置没有改动的进程不会受影响而重启。
sudo supervisorctl update

关闭supervisord
sudo supervisorctl shutdown

注意：显示用stop停止掉的进程，用reload或者update都不会自动重启。