Redis常用五大数据类型

18-11-22 来源：[db:作者]

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1.String(字符串)

string是redis最基本的类型，一个key对应一个value string类型是二进制安全的，意思是redis的string可以包含任何数据，如jpg图片或者序列化的对象。 string类型是redis最基本的数据类型，一个redis中字符串value最大允许512m

常见指令

1 set/get/del/append/strlen

set：设置键值 get：由键得到值 del：删除键值 append：为对应键的值后面添加数据 strlen：由键得到值的长度

127.0.0.1:6379> set k1 k1

127.0.0.1:6379> get k1

"k1"

127.0.0.1:6379> get k1

"k1"

127.0.0.1:6379> key *

(error) ERR unknown command 'key'

127.0.0.1:6379> KEYS *

1) "k1"

127.0.0.1:6379> del k1

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> KEYS *

(empty list or set)

127.0.0.1:6379> set k1 123

127.0.0.1:6379> append k1 456

(integer) 6

127.0.0.1:6379> get k1

"123456"

127.0.0.1:6379> strlen k1

(integer) 6

2 incr/decr/incrby/decrby

incr：值加一 decr：值减一 incrby：值增加指定大小 decrby：值减少指定大小

127.0.0.1:6379> set k2 1

127.0.0.1:6379> INCR k2

(integer) 2

127.0.0.1:6379> INCR k2

(integer) 3

127.0.0.1:6379> INCR k2

(integer) 4

127.0.0.1:6379> DECR k2

(integer) 3

127.0.0.1:6379> DECR k2

(integer) 2

127.0.0.1:6379> DECR k2

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> INCRBY k2 3

(integer) 4

127.0.0.1:6379> INCRBY k2 3

(integer) 7

127.0.0.1:6379> INCRBY k2 3

(integer) 10

127.0.0.1:6379> INCRBY k2 3

(integer) 13

127.0.0.1:6379> DECRBY k2 2

(integer) 11

127.0.0.1:6379> DECRBY k2 2

(integer) 9

127.0.0.1:6379> DECRBY k2 2

(integer) 7

3 getrange/setrange

getrange：由键得到指定范围内的值 setrange：从指定开始，覆盖设置值

127.0.0.1:6379> set k3 123456789

127.0.0.1:6379> get k3

"123456789"

127.0.0.1:6379> GETRANGE k3 0 -1

"123456789"

127.0.0.1:6379> GETRANGE k3 0 5

"123456"

127.0.0.1:6379> GETRANGE k3 3 7

"45678"

127.0.0.1:6379> set k3 0 xxx

(error) ERR syntax error

127.0.0.1:6379> SETRANGE k3 0 xxx

(integer) 9

127.0.0.1:6379> get k3

"xxx456789"

4 setex(set with expire)/setnx(set if not exist)

setex：设置键值，并指定存活时间 setnx：提供键存在返回0，并不设置键值;若键不存在返回1，并设置键值

127.0.0.1:6379> SETEX k4 10 v4

127.0.0.1:6379> get k4

"v4"

127.0.0.1:6379> ttl k4

(integer) 0

127.0.0.1:6379> ttl k4

(integer) -2

127.0.0.1:6379> get 4k

(nil)

127.0.0.1:6379> get k4

(nil)

127.0.0.1:6379> setnx k3 v33

(integer) 0

127.0.0.1:6379> get k3

"xxx456789"

127.0.0.1:6379> SETNX k5 v5

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> get k5

"v5"

5 mset/mget/msetnx

mset：成批设置键值 mget：成批获得值 msetnx：成批查重设置键值

127.0.0.1:6379> mset kk1 vv1 kk2 vv2 kk3 vv3

127.0.0.1:6379> mget kk1 kk2 kk3

1) "vv1"

2) "vv2"

3) "vv3"

127.0.0.1:6379> MSETNX kk1 vvv1 kk2 vvv2

(integer) 0

127.0.0.1:6379> MSETNX kk1 vvv1 kk4 vv4

(integer) 0

127.0.0.1:6379> MSETNX kk4 vv4 kk5 vv5

(integer) 1

6 getset

getset：先get再set，返回原来的值，没有返回nil，并覆盖设置新的值

127.0.0.1:6379> getset k6 v6

(nil)

127.0.0.1:6379> get k7

(nil)

127.0.0.1:6379> getset k7 v7

(nil)

127.0.0.1:6379> get k7

"v7"

127.0.0.1:6379> getset k7 v77

"v7"

127.0.0.1:6379> get k7

"v77"

2.Hash(哈希，类似java里的map)

redis hash是一个键值对集合 redis hash是一个string类型的field和value的映射表，hash特别适合用于储存对象。类似java里面的map

常用指令

1 hset/hget/hmset/hmget/hgetall/hdel

hset key key1 value：设置一个Hash，是一个键值对，键为key;值又是一个键值对，键为key1，值为value

hget key key1：获得一个值。

hmset key key1 value1 key2 value2：设置一个Hash，键值对的键为key;值为多个键值对，键为key*，值为value*。

hmget：由主键与多个二级主键获得多个值。

hgetall：由主键获得所有的二级主键与对应的值。

hdel key：删除一个二级键值对。

127.0.0.1:6379> hset user id 11

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> hget user id

"11"

127.0.0.1:6379> hset user name lolo

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> hget user name

"lolo"

127.0.0.1:6379> hmset customer id 11 name linda age 12

127.0.0.1:6379> hmget customer id name age

1) "11"

2) "linda"

3) "12"

127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL customer

1) "id"

2) "11"

3) "name"

4) "linda"

5) "age"

6) "12"

127.0.0.1:6379> HDEL customer age

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL customer

1) "id"

2) "11"

3) "name"

4) "linda"

2 hlen key 由主键获得二级键值对的个数

127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL customer

1) "id"

2) "11"

3) "name"

4) "linda"

127.0.0.1:6379> hlen customer

(integer) 2

3 hexists key 检测是否存在主键为key的hash

127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL customer

1) "id"

2) "11"

3) "name"

4) "linda"

127.0.0.1:6379> HEXISTS customer id

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> HEXISTS customer ids

(integer) 0

4 hkeys/hvals

hkeys key：由主键获得二级键值对的所有键。 hvals key：由主键获得二级键值对的所有值。

127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL customer

1) "id"

2) "11"

3) "name"

4) "linda"

127.0.0.1:6379> HEXISTS customer id

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> HEXISTS customer ids

(integer) 0

5 hincrby/hincrbyfloat

hincrby key key1 value：主键加二级主键对应的值加value hincrbyfloat key key1 value：主键加二级主键对应的值加value(可以是小数)

127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL customer

1) "id"

2) "11"

3) "name"

4) "linda"

5) "age"

6) "3"

127.0.0.1:6379> HINCRBY customer age 3

(integer) 6

127.0.0.1:6379>

127.0.0.1:6379> HINCRBY customer age 3

(integer) 9

127.0.0.1:6379>

127.0.0.1:6379> HINCRBY customer age 3

(integer) 12

127.0.0.1:6379> HINCRBYFLOAT customer age 2.5

"14.5"

127.0.0.1:6379> HINCRBYFLOAT customer age 2.5

"17"

127.0.0.1:6379> HINCRBYFLOAT customer age 2.5

"19.5"

6 hsetnx key key1 value：在key主键的值中增添一个新的键值对若二级主键key1已经存在，不会设置上去，不存在就设置上去

127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL customer

1) "id"

2) "11"

3) "name"

4) "linda"

5) "age"

6) "19.5"

127.0.0.1:6379> HSETNX customer age 11

(integer) 0

127.0.0.1:6379> HSETNX customer email 111@yyyu.com

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL customer

1) "id"

2) "11"

3) "name"

4) "linda"

5) "age"

6) "19.5"

7) "email"

8) "111@yyyu.com"

3.List(列表)

redis列表是简单的字符串列表，按照插入顺序排序。可以添加一个元素列表的头部(左边)或者尾部(右边)。它的底层实际是个链表。

常见指令

1 lpush/rpush/lrange

lpush：后面的数从左到右依次压栈。 rpush：后面的数从右到左依次压栈。 lrange：从栈顶到栈底依次遍历。

127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH list1 1 2 3 4 5

(integer) 5

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list1 0 -1

1) "5"

2) "4"

3) "3"

4) "2"

5) "1"

127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH list2 1 2 3 4 5

(integer) 5

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list2 0 -1

1) "1"

2) "2"

3) "3"

4) "4"

5) "5"

2 lpop/rpop

lpop：从栈顶出一个数 rpop：从栈底出一个数

127.0.0.1:6379> LPOP list1

"5"

127.0.0.1:6379> lpop list2

"1"

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list1 0 -1

1) "4"

2) "3"

3) "2"

4) "1"

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list2 0 -1

1) "2"

2) "3"

3) "4"

4) "5"

127.0.0.1:6379> RPOP list1

"1"

127.0.0.1:6379> RPOP list2

"5"

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list 0 -1

(empty list or set)

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list1 0 -1

1) "4"

2) "3"

3) "2"

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list2 0 -1

1) "2"

2) "3"

3) "4"

3 lindex 按照索引取数据，索引从0开始

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list1 0 -1

1) "4"

2) "3"

3) "2"

4) "1"

127.0.0.1:6379> LINDEX list1 3

(nil)

127.0.0.1:6379> LINDEX list1 2

"2"

4 llen 获取list的长度

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list1 0 -1

1) "4"

2) "3"

3) "2"

127.0.0.1:6379> LLEN list1

(integer) 3

5 lrem key n m，删除key中n个m

127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH list3 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 6 6 7

(integer) 16

127.0.0.1:6379> LREM list3 2 4

(integer) 2

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list3 0 -1

1) "7"

2) "6"

3) "6"

4) "5"

5) "4"

6) "3"

7) "3"

8) "3"

9) "2"

10) "2"

11) "2"

12) "1"

13) "1"

14) "1"

6 itrim key n m，截取key索引从n到m，并保存到key中

127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH list4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

(integer) 9

127.0.0.1:6379> LTRIM list4 0 5

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list4 0 -1

1) "1"

2) "2"

3) "3"

4) "4"

5) "5"

6) "6"

127.0.0.1:6379> LTRIM list4 2 4

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list4 0 -1

1) "3"

2) "4"

7 rpoplpush key1 key2，将key栈底的数取出压栈到key2中

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list1 0 -1

1) "4"

2) "3"

3) "2"

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list2 0 -1

1) "2"

2) "3"

3) "4"

127.0.0.1:6379> RPOPLPUSH list1 list2

"2"

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list1 0 -1

1) "4"

2) "3"

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list2 0 -1

1) "2"

2) "2"

3) "3"

4) "4"

8 lset key index value，将key中索引的第index个替换成value

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list2 0 -1

1) "2"

2) "2"

3) "3"

4) "4"

127.0.0.1:6379> LSET list2 2 10

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list2 0 -1

1) "2"

2) "2"

3) "10"

4) "4"

9 linsert key before/after value1 value2，在value1的前/后插入value2

127.0.0.1:6379> LINSERT list2 before 10 java

(integer) 5

127.0.0.1:6379> LINSERT list2 after 10 c++

(integer) 6

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list2 0 -1

1) "2"

2) "2"

3) "java"

4) "10"

5) "c++"

6) "4"

4.Set(集合)

redis的set是string类型的无序集合，它是通过HashTable实现的

常见指令

1 sadd/smembers/sismember/del

sadd：新建一个set，重复的数据默认只添加一次 smembers：查看集合的数据 sismember：查看某个元素是否在集合中 del：删除一个集合

27.0.0.1:6379> SADD set 1 1 2 2 3 3

(integer) 3

127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set

1) "1"

2) "2"

3) "3"

127.0.0.1:6379> SISMEMBER 1

127.0.0.1:6379> SISMEMBER set 1

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> SISMEMBER set 4

(integer) 0

127.0.0.1:6379> del set

(integer) 1

2 scard 获得集合的元素的个数

127.0.0.1:6379> SCARD set

(integer) 3

3 srem key value 删除集合key中的元素value

127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set

1) "1"

2) "2"

3) "3"

127.0.0.1:6379> srem set 2

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set

1) "1"

2) "3"

4 srandmember key value 从集合key中随机出value个元素，不写value默认出一个

127.0.0.1:6379> SADD set1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

(integer) 9

127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER set1

"9"

127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER set1 5

1) "6"

2) "8"

3) "5"

4) "3"

5) "2"

5 spop key value 从集合key中随机出栈value个元素，不写value默认出栈一个

127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set1

1) "1"

2) "2"

3) "3"

4) "4"

5) "5"

6) "6"

7) "7"

8) "8"

9) "9"

127.0.0.1:6379> SPOP set1 4

1) "9"

2) "1"

3) "4"

4) "7"

127.0.0.1:6379>

127.0.0.1:6379> SPOP set1

"8"

6 smove set1 set2 value 将set1中的元素value移动到set2中

127.0.0.1:6379> SADD set2 1 2 3

(integer) 3

127.0.0.1:6379> SADD set3 x y z

(integer) 3

127.0.0.1:6379> SMOVE set2 set3 2

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set2

1) "1"

2) "3"

127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set3

1) "y"

2) "x"

3) "2"

4) "z"

7 sdiff/sinter/sunion

sdiff set1 set2：差集，取set1中有set2中没有的元素 sinter set1 set2：两集合的交集 sunion set1 set2：两集合的并集

127.0.0.1:6379> SADD set1 1 2 3 4 5 6

(integer) 6

127.0.0.1:6379> SADD set2 2 5 6 u t i

(integer) 6

127.0.0.1:6379> SDIFF set1 set2

1) "1"

2) "3"

3) "4"

127.0.0.1:6379> SDIFF set2 set1

1) "t"

2) "i"

3) "u"

127.0.0.1:6379> SINTER set1 set2

1) "2"

2) "5"

3) "6"

127.0.0.1:6379> SUNION set1 set2

1) "5"

2) "4"

3) "1"

4) "t"

5) "3"

6) "6"

7) "2"

8) "u"

9) "i"

5.Zset(sorted set:有序集合)

redis zset和set一样也是string类型元素的集合，且不允许重复的成员不同的是每个元素都会关联一个double类型的分数 redis正是通过分数来为集合中的成员进行从小到大的排序，zset的成员是唯一的，但分数却可以重复。

常见指令

1 zadd/zrange/zrevrange

zadd key score1 value1 score2 value2:添加一组zset。 zrange key：获得set的值情况，如果带后缀withscores，会连值和分数一起打印。 zrevrange key：逆序获得set的值情况，如果带后缀withscores，会连值和分数一起打印。

127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD zset1 50 v1 60 v2 70 v3 80 v4 90 v5

(integer) 5

127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE zset1 0 -1

1) "v1"

2) "v2"

3) "v3"

4) "v4"

5) "v5"

127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE zset1 0 -1 withscores

1) "v1"

2) "50"

3) "v2"

4) "60"

5) "v3"

6) "70"

7) "v4"

8) "80"

9) "v5"

10) "90"

127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANGE zset1 0 -1 withscores

1) "v5"

2) "90"

3) "v4"

4) "80"

5) "v3"

6) "70"

7) "v2"

8) "60"

9) "v1"

10) "50"

2 zrangebyscore/zrevrangebyscore

zrangebyscore key score1 score2(score1score2) ：倒叙查找分数在score1-score2之间的所有值注：在score前加(表示这个分数范围内不包含score这个值注：limit value1 value2表示查出的数据从下标value1开始打印value2个

127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE zset1 0 -1 withscores

1) "v1"

2) "50"

3) "v2"

4) "60"

5) "v3"

6) "70"

7) "v4"

8) "80"

9) "v5"

10) "90"

127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE zset1 60 80

1) "v2"

2) "v3"

3) "v4"

127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANGEBYSCORE zset1 90 60

1) "v5"

2) "v4"

3) "v3"

4) "v2"

127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE zset1 60 (80

1) "v2"

2) "v3"

127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE zset1 (60 (80

1) "v3"

127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE zset1 60 80 limit 1 2

1) "v3"

2) "v4"

3 zrem key value：删除元素

127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE zset1 0 -1 withscores

1) "v1"

2) "50"

3) "v2"

4) "60"

5) "v3"

6) "70"

7) "v4"

8) "80"

9) "v5"

10) "90"

127.0.0.1:6379> zrem zset1 v4

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE zset1 0 -1 withscores

1) "v1"

2) "50"

3) "v2"

4) "60"

5) "v3"

6) "70"

7) "v5"

8) "90"

4 zcard/zcount/zrank/zscore

zcard key：获得key有序集合的值个数。 zcount key score区间：获得key有序集合在score区间内的值个数。 zrank key value：获取key有序集合中value对应的下标。 zscore key value：获取key有序集合中value对应的分数。

127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE zset1 0 -1 withscores

1) "v1"

2) "50"

3) "v2"

4) "60"

5) "v3"

6) "70"

7) "v5"

8) "90"

127.0.0.1:6379> zcard zset1

(integer) 4

127.0.0.1:6379> ZCOUNT zset1 60 90

(integer) 3

127.0.0.1:6379> zrank zset1 v3

(integer) 2

127.0.0.1:6379> zscore zset1 v3

"70"

附：key(键)

常见指令

1.(keys 正则匹配)查找对应情况的键值。

127.0.0.1:6379> KEYS *

1) "k1"

2) "key:__rand_int__"

3) "counter:__rand_int__"

4) "myset:__rand_int__"

5) "mylist"

127.0.0.1:6379> set k2 hello

127.0.0.1:6379> set k3 hello

127.0.0.1:6379> KEYS k

1) "k3"

2) "k1"

3) "k2"

2.(exists key)判断key这个件在库中是否存在，0表示不存在，1表示存在。

27.0.0.1:6379> set k1 k1

127.0.0.1:6379> set k2 k2

127.0.0.1:6379> KEYS *

1) "k1"

2) "k2"

127.0.0.1:6379> EXISTS k1

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> EXISTS k3

(integer) 0

3.(move key db数)将键从当前库移动到对应库中。

27.0.0.1:6379> move k2 2

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> EXISTS k2

(integer) 0

127.0.0.1:6379> SELECT 2

127.0.0.1:6379[2]> EXISTS k2

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379[2]> select 0

127.0.0.1:6379> KEYS *

1) "k1"

4.(ttl key)查看键还有多少秒过期，-1表示永不过期，-2表示已过期。

5.(expire key 秒钟)为键设置过期时间

27.0.0.1:6379> TTL k1

(integer) -1

127.0.0.1:6379> EXPIRE k1 10

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> ttl k1

(integer) 6

127.0.0.1:6379> ttl k2

(integer) -2

127.0.0.1:6379> ttl k1

(integer) -2

127.0.0.1:6379> get k1

(nil)

127.0.0.1:6379> KEYS *

(empty list or set)

6.(type key)查看键是对应的值是什么类型

127.0.0.1:6379> set k3 k3

127.0.0.1:6379> type k3

string

127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH mylist 1 2 3 4 5

(integer) 5

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE mylist 0 -1

1) "5"

2) "4"

3) "3"

4) "2"

5) "1"

127.0.0.1:6379> TYPE mylist

list

附：对一个键重新赋值，原值会被覆盖

127.0.0.1:6379> set k4 k4

127.0.0.1:6379> set k4 v4

127.0.0.1:6379> get k4

"v4"

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