在开文之前,首先了解几个问题
HTTPS(全称:Hyper Text Transfer Protocol over Secure Socket Layer),是以安全为目标的HTTP通道,简单讲是HTTP的安全版。即HTTP下加入SSL层,HTTPS的安全基础是SSL,因此加密的详细内容就需要SSL。 它是一个URI scheme(抽象标识符体系),句法类同http:体系。用于安全的HTTP数据传输。https:URL表明它使用了HTTP,但HTTPS存在不同于HTTP的默认端口及一个加密/身份验证层(在HTTP与TCP之间)。这个系统的最初研发由网景公司(Netscape)进行,并内置于其浏览器Netscape Navigator中,提供了身份验证与加密通讯方法。现在它被广泛用于万维网上安全敏感的通讯,例如交易支付方面。[1]
什么是HTTPS?
超文本传输协议HTTP协议被用于在Web浏览器和网站服务器之间传递信息。HTTP协议以明文方式发送内容,不提供任何方式的数据加密,如果攻击者截取了Web浏览器和网站服务器之间的传输报文,就可以直接读懂其中的信息,因此HTTP协议不适合传输一些敏感信息,比如信用卡号、密码等。
为了解决HTTP协议的这一缺陷,需要使用另一种协议:安全套接字层超文本传输协议HTTPS。为了数据传输的安全,HTTPS在HTTP的基础上加入了SSL协议,SSL依靠证书来验证服务器的身份,并为浏览器和服务器之间的通信加密
HTTPS和HTTP的区别?
HTTPS和HTTP的区别主要为以下四点:
一、https协议需要到ca申请证书,一般免费证书很少,需要交费。
二、http是超文本传输协议,信息是明文传输,https 则是具有安全性的ssl加密传输协议。
三、http和https使用的是完全不同的连接方式,用的端口也不一样,前者是80,后者是443。
四、http的连接很简单,是无状态的;HTTPS协议是由SSL+HTTP协议构建的可进行加密传输、身份认证的网络协议,比http协议安全。
带着这些问题去实现,详细了解可以https://baike.baidu.com/item/https/285356fr=aladdin从此链接了解。
代码部分
现在第三方的网络框架也是比较多的,万变不离其中,其核心部分都是采用httpUrlConnection和httpClient所以其中用那个访问都会配置一个SSLSocketFactory的父类,也就是和SSL协议相关。
SSLSocketFactory实现部分
package com.nuctech.handheldlock.https; import java.io.IOException; import java.net.Socket; import java.net.UnknownHostException; import java.security.KeyManagementException; import java.security.KeyStore; import java.security.KeyStoreException; import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException; import java.security.UnrecoverableKeyException; import java.security.cert.CertificateException; import java.security.cert.X509Certificate; import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext; import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager; import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager; import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory; public class HttpClientSSLSocketFactory extends SSLSocketFactory { SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS"); public HttpClientSSLSocketFactory(KeyStore truststore) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyManagementException, KeyStoreException, UnrecoverableKeyException { super(truststore); TrustManager tm = new X509TrustManager() { @Override public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return null; } @Override public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } }; sslContext.init(null, new TrustManager[] { tm }, null); } @Override public Socket createSocket(Socket socket, String host, int port, boolean autoClose) throws IOException, UnknownHostException { return sslContext.getSocketFactory().createSocket(socket, host, port, autoClose); } @Override public Socket createSocket() throws IOException { return sslContext.getSocketFactory().createSocket(); } }
单项认证,可以跳过证书部分
代码如下
public static HttpClient getNewHttpClient() { try { KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType()); trustStore.load(null, null); SSLSocketFactory sf = new HttpClientSSLSocketFactory(trustStore); sf.setHostnameVerifier(SSLSocketFactory.ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER); HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams(); HttpProtocolParams.setVersion(params, HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1); HttpProtocolParams.setContentCharset(params, HTTP.UTF_8); SchemeRegistry registry = new SchemeRegistry(); //registry.register(new Scheme("http", PlainSocketFactory.getSocketFactory(), 80)); registry.register(new Scheme("https", sf, 8443)); ClientConnectionManager ccm = new ThreadSafeClientConnManager(params, registry); return new DefaultHttpClient(ccm, params); } catch (Exception e) { return new DefaultHttpClient(); } }双项认证,客户端和服务端都需要验证证书。
代码部分
private static final String KEY_STORE_TYPE_BKS = "bks"; private static final String KEY_STORE_TYPE_P12 = "PKCS12"; private static final String SCHEME_HTTPS = "https"; private static final int HTTPS_PORT = 8444; private static final String KEY_STORE_CLIENT_PATH = "iekey.p12"; private static final String KEY_STORE_TRUST_PATH = "client.truststore"; private static final String KEY_STORE_PASSWORD = "changeit"; private static final String KEY_STORE_TRUST_PASSWORD = "changeit"; private static KeyStore keyStore; private static KeyStore trustStore; public static HttpClient getSslHttpClient(Context pContext) { HttpClient httpsClient = new DefaultHttpClient(); try { // 服务器端需要验证的客户端证书 keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KEY_STORE_TYPE_P12); // 客户端信任的服务器端证书 trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KEY_STORE_TYPE_BKS); InputStream ksIn = pContext.getResources().getAssets() .open(KEY_STORE_CLIENT_PATH); InputStream tsIn = pContext.getResources().getAssets() .open(KEY_STORE_TRUST_PATH); try { keyStore.load(ksIn, KEY_STORE_PASSWORD.toCharArray()); trustStore.load(tsIn, KEY_STORE_TRUST_PASSWORD.toCharArray()); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { ksIn.close(); } catch (Exception ignore) { } try { tsIn.close(); } catch (Exception ignore) { } } SSLSocketFactory socketFactory = new SSLSocketFactory(keyStore, KEY_STORE_PASSWORD, trustStore); socketFactory.setHostnameVerifier(new X509HostnameVerifier() { @Override public void verify(String arg0, String[] arg1, String[] arg2) throws SSLException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void verify(String arg0, X509Certificate arg1) throws SSLException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void verify(String arg0, SSLSocket arg1) throws IOException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public boolean verify(String arg0, SSLSession arg1) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return true; } }); Scheme sch = new Scheme(SCHEME_HTTPS, socketFactory , HTTPS_PORT); httpsClient.getConnectionManager().getSchemeRegistry() .register(sch); } catch (KeyManagementException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (UnrecoverableKeyException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (KeyStoreException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return httpsClient; }
代码看起来比较多,但是只需要一个辅助类即可搞定