Ubuntu之配置

ubuntu首次配置:
配置apt源(deb -- dpkg):
apt-get源配置文件:
/etc/apt/sources.list

国内镜像源:
mirrors.163.com
mirrors.aliyun.com

16.04 aliyun的ubuntu镜像源设置:
把以下内容覆盖/etc/apt/sources.list文件内容

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse

如果使用3.3.3.1服务器镜像源:
在/etc/hosts追加以下内容:
3.3.3.1 mirrors.aliyun.com

更新镜像源: sudo apt update
升级当前系统软件: sudo apt upgrade
apt命令的用法:
sudo apt install vim
sudo apt remove vim

遇到冲突解决不了, 通过dpkg卸载包: dpkg -P

列出当前系统已安装的包: sudo dpkg -l

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网络配置文件:
临时设置IP地址:
ifconfig enp0s25 3.3.3.9/24
或
ifconfig enp0s25 3.3.3.9 netmask 255.255.255.0

永久设置IP地址: /etc/network/interfaces
auto enp0s25
iface enp0s25 inet static
address 192.168.1.81
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1
dns-nameservers 223.5.5.5 8.8.8.8

auto enp0s25:0
iface enp0s25 inet static
address 3.3.3.9
netmask 255.255.255.0

永久保存DNS:
sudo -i
echo 'nameserver 223.5.5.5' >> /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/base
resolvconf -u

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安装软件:
VIM： sudo apt install vim
五笔输入法: sudo apt install fcitx-table-wbpy
NFS: sudo apt install nfs-kernel-server
sshd: sudo apt install openssh-server
tmux: sudo apt install tmux
git: sudo apt install git
播放器: sudo apt install smplayer