软件工程选择题14 Design Phase

The input to the design process is the:
A. specification document
B. feasibility study
C. test case document
D. software project management plan (SPMP)
E. all of these
设计过程的输入是：
A.规格文件
B.可行性研究
C.测试用例文件
D.软件项目管理计划（SPMP）
E.所有这些
答案：A

The specification document details:
A. what the product is to do.
B. how the product is to do it.
C. when the product is to do it.
D. why the product is to do it.
E. all of these
规格文件的详细资料：
A.产品要做什么
B.产品如何去做。
C.当产品要做时。
D.为什么产品要做到这一点。
E.所有这些
答案：A

The design document details:
A. what the product is to do.
B. how the product is to do it.
C. when the product is to do it.
D. why the product is to do it.
E. all of these
设计文件的细节：
A.产品要做什么
B.产品如何去做。
C.当产品要做时。
D.为什么产品要做到这一点。
E.所有这些
答案：B The design phase consists of three activities:
A. feasibility study, requirements definition and functional design.
B. planning, analysis and design.
C. analysis, design and testing.
D. architectural design, detailed design and design testing.
E. architectural design, structural design and detailed design
设计阶段包括三个活动：
A.可行性研究，需求定义和功能设计。
B.计划，分析和设计。
C.分析，设计和测试。
D.结构设计，详细的设计和设计测试。
E.结构设计，结构设计和详细设计
答案：D General design, logical design and high-level design are also know as:
A. functional design
B. structural design
C. analysis
D. detailed design
E. architectural design
通用设计，逻辑设计和高级设计也被称为：
A.功能设计
B.结构设计
C.分析
D.详细的设计
E.结构设计
答案：E The output from architectural design is:
A. test case design
B. structural design
C. the list of modules and their interfaces.
D. detailed design
E. structured blueprints
结构设计的输出是：
A.测试案例设计
B.结构设计
C.模块及其接口列表。
D.详细的设计
E.结构化蓝图 From the viewpoint of abstraction, why is part of architectural design performed as part of the first step in Object-Oriented Analysis?
A. the subsystems are determined by the aggregation of certain objects.
B. classes are structured by creating inheritance hierarchies (or lattices in the case of multiple inheritance).
C. modular decomposition is performed when the classes are determined.
D. when this approach is undertaken the use of structured Class Responsibility Collaboration (CRC) cards is mandated.
E. the statement is false. i.e. Analysis and Design are distinctly separate activities.
从抽象的角度来看，为什么结构设计的一部分是面向对象分析的第一步？
A.子系统由某些对象的聚合决定。
B.类是通过创建继承层次结构（或在多重继承情况下的格子）来构造的。
C.确定类别时进行模块化分解。
D.当采取这种方法时，需要使用结构化的类别责任合作（CRC）卡。
E.这个陈述是错误的。 即分析和设计是明显不同的活动。
答案：C Modular design, physical design and low-level design are also known as:
A. functional design
B. structural design
C. analysis
D. detailed design
E. architectural design
模块化设计，物理设计和低级设计也被称为：
A.功能设计
B.结构设计
C.分析
D.详细的设计
E.建筑设计
答案：D During detailed design _ and _ are specified.
A. algorithms, data structures
B. modules, interconnections
C. subsystems, modules
D. subsystems, interfaces
E. architecture, human computer interactions (HCI)
在详细设计中，指定_和_。
A.算法，数据结构
B.模块，互连
C.子系统，模块
D.子系统，接口
E.体系结构，人机交互（HCI）
答案：A Data Flow Analysis can be applied whenever a Data Flow Diagram (DFD) represents the specifications. Although every product can be represented this way, in practice there are a number of design situations where there are more appropriate techniques Situations where the flow of data is secondary to other considerations include:
A. rule-based systems (expert systems)
B. databases
C. transaction processing systems
D. all of these
E. none of these. i.e. data flow analysis is always a useful technique.
只要数据流图（DFD）代表规格，就可以应用数据流分析。 虽然每种产品都可以用这种方式来表示，但是在实践中有一些设计情况下更适合的技术数据流是次要的情况包括：
A.基于规则的系统（专家系统）
B.数据库
C.交易处理系统
D.所有这些
E.这些都没有。 即数据流分析总是一个有用的技术。
答案：D Action-oriented design techniques include _ and ____ ..
A. Coad-Yourdan, Booch
B. Jackson, Warnier/Orr
C. data flow analysis, transaction analysis
D. screen flow, entity relationship
E. Information Engineering and Software Science
面向行动的设计技术包括_和____。
A. Coad-Yourdan，Booch
B. Jackson，Warnier / Orr
C.数据流分析，交易分析
D.屏幕流，实体关系
E.信息工程和软件科学
答案：C Data-oriented design techniques include _ and ____ .
A. Coad-Yourdan, Booch
B. Jackson, Warnier/Orr
C. data flow analysis, transaction analysis
D. screen flow diagrams, Nassi-Shneiderman charts
E. Information Engineering and Software Science
面向数据的设计技术包括_和____。
A. Coad-Yourdan，Booch
B. Jackson，Warnier / Orr
C.数据流分析，交易分析
D.屏幕流程图，Nassi-Shneiderman图表
E.信息工程和软件科学
答案：B In Data Flow Analysis, the point of highest abstraction of input is the point at which the data:
A. loses the quality of being input
B. loses the quality of being output
C. is initially accepted as input
D. is finally accepted as input
E. is finally accepted as output
在数据流分析中，输入的最高抽象点是数据的点：
A.失去输入的质量
B.失去输出的质量
C.最初被接受为输入
D.终于被接受为投入
E.最终被接受为输出
答案：A In Data Flow Analysis, the point of highest abstraction of output is the
point at which the data:
A. loses the quality of being input
B. loses the quality of being output
C. is initially accepted as input
D. is finally accepted as input
E. can be accepted as output
在数据流分析中，输出的最高抽象点是数据的点：
A.失去输入的质量
B.失去输出的质量
C.最初被接受为输入
D.终于被接受为投入
E.可以被接受为输出
答案：E In Data Flow Analysis, using the points of highest abstraction of input and output, the product is decomposed into three modules, the INPUT module, the ___ module and the OUTPUT module.
A. TRANSPORT
B. ENCAPSULATION
C. DATA FLOW
D. ACTION
E. TRANSFORM
在数据流分析中，使用输入输出最高抽象点，将产品分解为三个模块：INPUT模块，___模块和OUTPUT模块。
A.运输
B.包装
C.数据流
D.行动
E.转换
答案：E The underpining technique in Data Flow Analysis is:
A. generalization
B. specialization
C. polymorphism
D. stepwise refinement
E. encapsulation
数据流分析中的基本技术是：
A.泛化
B.专业化
C.多态性
D.逐步细化
E.封装
答案：D Data Flow Analysis is a way of achieving:
A. high cohesion
B. low cohesion
C. high coupling
D. low coupling
E. encapsulation
数据流分析是实现以下功能的一种方式：
A.高凝聚力
B.低凝聚力
C.高耦合
D.低耦合
E.封装
答案：A

As Data Flow Analysis does not take coupling into account, the type of coupling that is most likely to arise inadvertently is:
A. data
B. stamp
C. control
D. common
E. content
由于数据流分析没有考虑耦合，最可能偶然出现的耦合类型是：
A.数据
B.邮票
C.控制
D.共同
E.内容
答案：C

Whenever there is a conditional data flow there needs to be a corresponding
A. decision tree
B. control flow
C. screen flow
D. unconditional data flow
E. data store
每当有条件的数据流时，都需要有相应的数据流
A.决策树
B.控制流量
C.筛选流程
D.无条件的数据流
E.数据存储
答案：B

In data flow analysis the control structure is shown in a:
A. data flow diagram
B. functional decomposition
C. structure chart
D. entity relationship diagram
E. collaboration graph
在数据流分析中，控制结构如下所示：
A.数据流程图
B.功能分解
C.结构图
D.实体关系图
E.协作图
答案：A Program Description Language (PDL) may be used to depict detailed design. It consists of comments connected by:
A. the macros used by the Integrated Development Environment Application Language (IDEAL)
B. the Input/Output (I/O) statements used by the chosen implementation language
C. the control statements of the chosen implementation language
D. action diagrams
E. none of these. i.e. PDL is independent of the target environment.
程序描述语言（PDL）可以用来描述详细的设计。 它由以下内容组成：
A.集成开发环境应用程序语言（IDEAL）使用的宏
B.所选实现语言使用的输入/输出（I / O）语句
C.所选实施语言的控制语句
D.行动图
E.这些都没有。 即PDL独立于目标环境。
答案：C Using Program Description Language (PDL) the implementation stage consists of:
A. test case design and execution
B. translating the comments into the chosen implementation language
C. parsing the output with a pre-compiler
D. dragging and dropping the required data definitions and queries into the skeleton code
E. all of these are steps of the implementation phase when using PDL.
使用程序描述语言（PDL），实现阶段包括：
A.测试用例的设计和执行
B.将意见翻译成所选的实施语言
C.用预编译器解析输出
D.将所需的数据定义和查询拖放到框架代码中
E.所有这些都是使用PDL时实施阶段的步骤。
答案：B The disadvantage of Program Description Language (PDL) is:
A. the tendency for the designer to go into too much detail
B. the specialist training and knowledge needed to write and understand the design
C. the impracticality of translating comments into the chosen implementation language
D. its verbosity
E. its lack of clarity
程序描述语言（PDL）的缺点是：
A.设计师倾向于过多细节
B.需要编写和理解设计的专业培训和知识
C.将意见翻译成所选实施语言的不切实际
D.它的详细程度
E.不清晰
答案：A A transaction is a(n):
A. operation from the viewpoint of the data base management system (DBMS)
B. operation from the viewpoint of the user of the product
C. matched debit and credit
D. sequence that starts with the validation of the user and terminates with the end of the user’s session.
E. the physical input/output (I/O) associated with a command
交易是（n）：
A.从数据库管理系统（DBMS）的角度来看，
B.从产品用户的角度来看操作
C.匹配的借方和贷方
D.从验证用户开始并在用户会话结束时结束的序列。
E.与命令关联的物理输入/输出（I / O）
答案：B A typical example of a Transaction-processing type of product” is the software controlling a(n):
A. word processor
B. real-time manufacturing system i.e. a Process Logic Controller
C. rule entered in an expert system
D. the input of a new object in a CASE tool
E. Automatic Teller Machine (ATM)
“交易处理类型的产品”的典型例子是控制的软件：
A.文字处理器
B.实时制造系统，即过程逻辑控制器
C.规则进入专家系统
D.在CASE工具中输入新的对象
E.自动取款机（ATM）
答案：E Consider Figure 13.10 - an example of a poor design of a transaction processing system. Which approach should be considered to redesign this product?
A. cut down the number of modules involved so that the interactions are less complex. e.g. use a single “Process Transaction” module.
B. use a single module to edit, process and write the audit trail for each transaction. i.e. five “Process Transaction x” modules to do each of these.
C. use a single module to edit and process each transaction. i.e. five modules to do each of these plus a module to write the audit trail.
D. use separate modules to edit, process and write the audit trail for each transaction. i.e. fifteen modules to do each of these.
E. use five similar “Edit Transaction” and five similar “Update File” modules plus the module to write the audit trail.
考虑图13.10 - 一个交易处理系统设计不佳的例子。 应该考虑采用哪种方法来重新设计这个产品？
A.减少涉及的模块数量，以便交互不那么复杂。 例如 使用一个“处理事务”模块。
B.使用单个模块编辑，处理和写入每个事务的审计跟踪。 即五个“进程事务x”模块来完成其中的每一个。
C.使用一个模块来编辑和处理每个事务。 即五个模块来完成每一个模块和一个模块来编写审计跟踪。
D.使用单独的模块编辑，处理和编写每笔交易的审计跟踪。 即十五个模块来完成这些中的每一个。
E.使用五个类似的“编辑事务”和五个类似的“更新文件”模块加模块写审计跟踪。
答案：C Although Object Oriented Design as such is not supported by a wide variety of languages, a subset of OOD can be used. For a language such as COBOL, what is the highest degree of cohesion that they can support?
A. information hiding
B. abstract data types
C. data encapsulation
D. modules with high cohesion
E. none of the above. i.e. the statement is false, non-OO languages cannot support any degree of encapsulation.
虽然面向对象的设计本身并不被各种语言所支持，但是可以使用OOD的一个子集。 对于像COBOL这样的语言，他们可以支持的最高程度的凝聚力是什么？
A.信息隐藏
B.抽象数据类型
C.数据封装
D.具有高凝聚力的模块
E.以上都不是。 即声明是错误的，非OO语言不能支持任何程度的封装。 Which UML diagram best emphasises the chronological order of messages?
A. class diagram
B. sequence diagram
C. collaboration diagram
D. client-object relations
E. use case
哪个UML图最好强调消息的时间顺序？
A.类图
B.序列图
C.协作图
D.客户对象关系
E.用例
答案：B Which type of UML diagram that depicts interactions best emphasises the
relationship between objects
A. class diagram
B. sequence diagram
C. collaboration diagram
D. client-object relations
E. state diagram
描述交互的哪种类型的UML图最能强调这一点
对象之间的关系
A.类图
B.序列图
C.协作图
D.客户对象关系
E.状态图
答案：C In sequence diagrams what do vertical lines represent?
A. Actors and Objects
B. Messages and Transactions
C. Scenarios and Collaborations
D. Classes and Interactions
E. States and Operations
在顺序图中，垂直线代表什么？
A.演员和对象
B.消息和事务
C.情景和合作
D.类和相互作用
E.国家和业务
答案：D In sequence diagrams time goes from:
A. left to right
B. right to left
C. top to bottom
D. bottom to top
E. time is not represented in sequence diagrams
在时序图中，时间从：
A.从左到右
B.从右到左
C.从上到下
D.从下到上
E.时间没有在顺序图中表示
答案：C In sequence diagrams classes are represented by:
A. vertical lines labelled with name written in lower case and underlined.
B. vertical lines labelled with name written in mixed case and underlined.
C. vertical lines labelled with name written in mixed case
D. horizontal lines labelled with name written in lower case and underlined.
E. horizontal lines labelled with name written in mixed case
在顺序图中，类表示为：
A.标有名字的垂直线用小写字母和下划线标出。
B.用混合大写和下划线标注名称的垂直线。
C.用混合大小写的名称标注垂直线
D.标有名字的水平线以小写字母和下划线标出。
E.用混合大小写的名称标记水平线
答案：A In sequence diagrams what do horizontal lines represent?
A. Actors
B. Messages
C. Objects
D. Relationships
E. States
在顺序图中，水平线代表什么？
A.角色
B.消息
C.对象
D.关系
E.状态
答案：B In OOD how can you decide where to locate an action?
A. by assigning it to a class or to a client (i.e. program unit) that sends a message to an object of that class
B. on the basis of information hiding. i.e. actions performed on state variables should be local to that class
C. by using responsibility-driven design
D. by any of these three methods
E. by none of these methods.
在OOD中，你如何决定在哪里找到一个行动？
A.通过将它分配给一个类或一个客户端（即程序单元）来发送消息给这个类的一个对象
B.在信息隐藏的基础上。 即对状态变量执行的操作应该是该类的本地操作
C.采用责任驱动设计
D.通过这三种方法中的任何一种
E.通过这些方法都没有。
答案：D Who is not present during a design walkthrough or inspection?
A. designer
B. coder
C. specifier
D. project leader
E. client
谁在设计走审或检查期间不在场？
A.设计师
B.编码器
C.说明符
D.项目负责人
E.客户
答案：E Besides ensuring the correctness of the design, the goal of testing at the design stage is also:
A. ensuring that the code conforms to specifications.
B. ensuring that only suitable modules are selected for reuse.
C. verifying that the specifications have been accurately and completely incorporated into the design.
D. to develop a set of black box test cases.
E. all of the above.
除了确保设计的正确性之外，设计阶段的测试目标也是：
A.确保代码符合规范。
B.确保只选择合适的模块重新使用。
C.验证规格已被准确完整地纳入设计。
D.制定一套黑匣子测试案例。
E.以上全部。
答案：C UpperCASE tools can be used in the design phase for testing. Checks that they can perform include:
A. every field in every record in the dictionary is mentioned in the design document.
B. every item in the design document is reflected in the data flow diagram.
C. every item in the design has been declared in the specifications.
D. every item in the specifications appears in the design.
E. all of these.
UpperCASE工具可以在设计阶段用于测试。 检查他们可以执行包括：
A.设计文件中提到字典中每个记录的每个字段。
B.设计文件中的每一项都反映在数据流程图中。
C.设计中的每个项目都已经在规范中声明。
D.规格中的每一项都出现在设计中。
E.所有这些。
答案：E Metrics for the design phase include:
A. number of modules
B. module cohesion
C. length X (fan-in X fan-out)^^2
D. cyclomatic complexity
E. all of these
设计阶段的指标包括：
A.模块的数量
B.模块内聚力
C.长度X（扇入×扇出）^^ 2
D.圈复杂度
E.所有这些
答案：E There are a number of metrics for the design phase. Which of the following is not a metric for the design phase?
A. number of modules
B. module cohesion
C. length X (fan-in X fan-out)^^2
D. cyclomatic complexity
E. none of these. i.e. all of these are examples of metrics used for the design phase.
设计阶段有很多指标。 以下哪项不是设计阶段的指标？
A.模块的数量
B.模块内聚力
C.长度X（扇入×扇出）^^ 2
D.圈复杂度
E.这些都没有。 即所有这些都是用于设计阶段的度量的例子。
答案：E What is the most significant challenge in the design phase?
A. The design team must be careful not to do too little. e.g. the design should be detailed enough to make sure that all the interfaces are correct.
B. It is difficult to resist the urge to write the detailed design in the implementation language of choice.
C. The lack of great designers
D. All of these.
E. None of these. That is, design is simple compared to analysis and coding as it represents a smooth transition especially in object-oriented systems.
设计阶段最重要的挑战是什么？
A.设计团队必须小心，不要做太少。 例如 设计应该足够详细，以确保所有的接口是正确的。
B.用选择的实现语言写出详细的设计是很难抵制的。
C.缺乏优秀的设计师
D.所有这些。
E.这些都没有。 也就是说，与分析和编码相比，设计是简单的，因为它代表了平滑过渡，特别是在面向对象的系统中。
答案：D