CentOS7下安装配置Oracle的操作步骤教程

18-06-11 来源：[db:作者]

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1.安装centos7

虚拟机配置如下：

安装时必须安装GHOME桌面

安装完成后，以root用户登录，然后执行

#需要联网
yum update 
yum upgrade

2.安装java 环境

#查询出默认安装java
rpm -qa | grep java
#删除查询出结果
rpm -e --nodeps 
#安装java
rpm -ivh  jdk-7u80-linux-x64.rpm
#配置环境变量
vim /etc/profile
#在末尾添加
#set java environment
JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_80
JRE_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_80/jre
CLASS_PATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JRE_HOME/lib
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin
export JAVA_HOME JRE_HOME CLASS_PATH PATH

3.安装 Oracle 11R2

首先下载Oracle 11R2 安装包

linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
../201807/~0,-4%.html

创建用户和用户组
  groupadd oinstall #用户组
  groupadd dba #用户组
  useradd -g dba -g oinstall -m oracle #创建用户oracle,并加入dba,oinstall
  passwd oracle #设置密码
创建Oracle安装目录
  mkdir -p /oracle/oraInventory #oracle 数据库配置目录
chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle #设置目录所有者为 oinstall 用户组的 oracle 用户
chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle/oraInventory
修改系统标识
  vim /etc/redhat-release #编辑
  把
CentOS Linux release 7.0.1406 (Core)
修改为
#CentOS Linux release 7.0.1406 (Core)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6

修改系统内核
vim /etc/sysctl.conf #编辑，在最后添加以下代码
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1

vim /etc/security/limits.conf #在末尾添加以下代码

oracle           soft    nproc           2047
oracle           hard    nproc           16384
oracle           soft    nofile          1024
oracle           hard    nofile          65536

配置Oracle用户环境变量

vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile #在最后添加以下代码

export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle #oracle 数据库安装目录 
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1 #oracle 数据库路径 
export ORACLE_SID=orcl #oracle 启动数据库实例名 
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=$ORACLE_SID
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/user/sbin:$PATH #添加系统环境变量 
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH #添加系统环境变量

安装Oracle数据库所需要的软件包

yum install gcc* gcc-* gcc-c++-* glibc-devel-* glibc-headers-* compat-libstdc* libstdc* elfutilslibelf-devel* libaio-devel* sysstat* unixODBC-* pdksh-*

4.重启下系统，以oracle身份登录系统

5.解压oracle安装包

unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
../201807/~0,-4%.html

cd database

export LANG=en_US  #防止乱码

8.运行安装程序(不要使用XShell操作,直接在桌面打开终端操作)

./runInstaller

等待......

取消默认选择,点击next

点击yes

点击next

选择server class ,点击next

点击next

选择 Advanced install 点击 next

添加简体中文,点击next

点击next

设置好环境变量了，这里会自动填充路径，点击 next

默认Inventory Directory为/oraInventory,修改为/oracle/oraInventory 点击next

点击yes，弹框可能显示不出来,按方向键左键,按ENTER

点击next

配置字符集，点击 next

点击next

选择统一设置密码，点击 next

点击yes，弹框可能显示不出来，按方向键左键，按ENTER

点击next

勾选Ignore All，点击next

点击finish

进入安装过程

安装到 68%的时候会有如下提示，直接点击 continue,弹框可能无法展示,直接按ENTER

点击ok

以下窗口可能被缩成一条竖线在中间，用鼠标拉开即可看到，安装过程如出现窗口变暗，但是没有弹框弹出，即为此类情况

9.打开命令行窗口

su
输入 root 帐号密码，运行
/oracle/oraInvertory/orainstRoot.sh
/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

10.安装完成后，把系统标识修改回来

vim /etc/redhat-release #编辑
把
#CentOS Linux release 7.0.1406 (Core)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
修改为：
CentOS Linux release 7.0.1406 (Core)

11.登录Oracle

[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl stop                #先关闭监听服务

 [oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl start                    #开启监听服务

 [oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba     #登入

SQL> shutdown immediate             #立即关闭数据库服务（一般是关闭状态）
SQL> startup                                    #开启数据库服务（重要，必输）

SQL> exit                                 #退出

SQL> sqlplus scott/tiger@192.168.47.131/orcl    #连接scott用户

SQL> select * from tab;                  #test查询表

12，使用PL/SQL连接时,可能会“ORA-12514 TNS 监听程序当前无法识别连接描述符中请求服务”

解决办法简述：

1.修改\oracle\product\11.2.0\db_1\network\admin\listener.ora中的(host)bt-199-039.bta.net.cn改为192.168.47.131

2.修改\oracle\product\11.2.0\db_1\network\admin\tnsnames.ora中的(host)bt-199-039.bta.net.cn 改为192.168.47.131

3.修改后，重启oracle，监听，并注册，主win10上的plsql就可以远程连接虚拟机上的数据库了.

具体操作步骤如下：

一、修改数据库服务器中listener.ora文件内容

[oracle@localhost admin]$ vim /oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
原始内容:


# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER =

  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =

    (DESCRIPTION =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bt-199-039.bta.net.cn)(PORT = 1521))

    )

  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /oracle

修改为
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = orcl)
)
)
LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.47.131)(PORT = 1521)))
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /oracle

修改数据库服务器中tnsnames.ora文件内容

[oracle@localhost admin]$ vim /oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

原始内容:


# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

ORCL =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

    )

  )

修改后的内容：

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

orcl =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS_LIST =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.47.131)(PORT = 1521))

    )

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SID = orcl)

    )

  )

在数据库服务器中启动监听并更新注册

1、命令：

[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl stop                #先关闭监听服务

输出：

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 19-FEB-2017 21:19:42

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.78.130)(PORT=1521)))

The command completed successfully

[oracle@localhost ~]$

 

2、命令：

[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl start                    #开启监听服务
输出:


LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 19-FEB-2017 21:24:22

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Starting /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

System parameter file is /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Log messages written to /data/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.78.130)(PORT=1521)))

 

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.78.130)(PORT=1521)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

Start Date                19-FEB-2017 21:24:22

Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /data/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary...

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.78.130)(PORT=1521)))

Services Summary...

Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "orcl", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

[oracle@localhost ~]$

 



 

3、命令：

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba     #登入

输出：

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sun Feb 19 21:27:40 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL>    

命令：

SQL> shutdown immediate             #立即关闭数据库服务

输出：

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL>

 

命令:
SQL> startup                                    #开启数据库服务

输出：

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1586708480 bytes

Fixed Size                2213736 bytes

Variable Size                  939526296 bytes

Database Buffers           637534208 bytes

Redo Buffers                    7434240 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL>

 

命令：
SQL> alter system register;        #注册

输出：

System altered.

SQL>
命令：

SQL> quit         #登出

输出：

Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

[oracle@localhost ~]$



 

命令：
[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl status        #查看监听状态

输出：

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 19-FEB-2017 21:37:20

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.78.130)(PORT=1521)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

Start Date                19-FEB-2017 21:24:22

Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 12 min. 57 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /data/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary...

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.78.130)(PORT=1521)))

Services Summary...

Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "orcl", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

[oracle@localhost ~]$

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