JSON包的引用 python对象与JSON对象的互相转换 存取JSON文件
在文件头部引用json包
import json
json对象的类型为’str’:
dic = {'b':'I', 'a':123, 'c':'100'} j1 = json.dumps(dic) print (j1) # {"b": "I", "a": 123, "c": "100"} print (type(j1)) #print (j1[0],j1[1],j1[2]) # { " b
将sort_keys参数置为True时,生成的json对象是按键排序的,sort_keys默认为False:
dic = {'b':'I', 'a':123, 'c':'100'} j2 = json.dumps(dic, sort_keys = True) print (j2) # {"a": 123, "b": "I", "c": "100"}
通过indent参数可以设置json对象的缩进格式:
dic = {'b':'I', 'a':123, 'c':'100'} j3 = json.dumps(dic, sort_keys = True, indent = 4) print (j3) # { # "a": 123, # "b": "I", # "c": "100" # }
通过separators参数可以设置json对象的分隔符:
dic = {'b':'I', 'a':123, 'c':'100'} j4 = json.dumps(dic, sort_keys = True, separators = ('$','@')) print (j4) # {"a"@123$"b"@"I"$"c"@"100"}
列表也可以转化为json对象:
list1 = [1, 'big', [1, 'a', {'p':'+'}], (['t',2],{'1':'o'}), {'c':0,'d':1}] j5 = json.dumps(list1) print (j5) # [1, "big", [1, "a", {"p": "+"}], [["t", 2], {"1": "o"}], {"c": 0, "d": 1}]
元组转化为json对象:
tuple1 = (1, 0) j6 = json.dumps(tuple1) print (j6) # [1, 0]
将字典转换为json字符串时,key需为数字或字母,否则报错,可通过skipkeys参数跳过这些键:
dic1 = {1:'one', 2.3:'tPt', 'two':2, (3,4):'thr&four'} j7 = json.dumps(dic1) print (j7) # TypeError: keys must be a string j8 = json.dumps(dic1, skipkeys = True) print (j8) # {"1": "one", "2.3": "tPt", "two": 2}
dumps对中文使用ascii编码方式,通过将ensure_ascii参数设置为False可输出中文:
dic_info = {'name':'Elizabeth', 'husband':'达西', 'age':22} j9 = json.dumps(dic_info) print (j9) # {"name": "Elizabeth", "husband": "\u8fbe\u897f", "age": 22} j10 = json.dumps(dic_info,ensure_ascii=False) print (j10) # {"name": "Elizabeth", "husband": "达西", "age": 22}
将json对象解码为python对象:
dic = {'b':'I', 'a':123, 'c':'100'} j1 = json.dumps(dic) decode1 = json.loads(j1) print (decode1) # {'b': 'I', 'a': 123, 'c': '100'}
存json文件,将python对象存到json格式的文件中不再用dumps,而是要用dump:
dic_info = {'name':'Elizabeth', 'husband':'达西', 'age':22} filew = open ('Elizabeth.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8') json.dump(dic_info, filew) filew.close()
读取json文件,从json文件中读取内容存入python对象,不再用loads而是要用load:
filer = open ('Elizabeth.json', 'r', encoding='utf-8') Elizabeth = json.load(filer) filer.close() print (Elizabeth) # {'name': 'Elizabeth', 'husband': '达西', 'age': 22} print (type(Elizabeth)) #