一、自定义菜单概述
自定义菜单能够帮助公众号丰富界面,让用户更好更快地理解公众号的功能。开启自定义菜单后,公众号界面如图所示:
二、申请自定义菜单
个人订阅号使用微博认证、企业订阅号通过微信认证;可以申请到自定义菜单资格
服务号默认有菜单权限。
三、获得AppId 和AppSecert
AppId和AppSecret在开发者中心-开发者ID中,可以找到。
四、获得Access Token
用appid和appsecert获得access token,接口为
https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bi ... mp;secret=APPSECRET
程序实现如下
$appid = ""; $appsecret = ""; $url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=$appid&secret=$appsecret"; $ch = curl_init(); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, FALSE); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, FALSE); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1); $output = curl_exec($ch); curl_close($ch); $jsoninfo = json_decode($output, true); $access_token = $jsoninfo["access_token"];
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你也可以直接在浏览器地址栏中,拼接出地址,执行后,获得如下数据
{"access_token":"N2L7KXa084WvelONYjkJ_traBMCCvy_UKmpUUzlrQ0EA2yNp3Iz6eSUrRG0bhaR_viswd50vDuPkY5nG43d1gbm-olT2KRMxOsVE08RfeD9lvK9lMguNG9kpIkKGZEjIf8Jv2m9fFhf8bnNa-yQH3g",
"expires_in":7200}
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参数说明如下
其中的
N2L7KXa084WvelONYjkJ_traBMCCvy_UKmpUUzlrQ0EA2yNp3Iz6eSUrRG0bhaR_viswd50vDuPkY5nG43d1gbm-olT2KRMxOsVE08RfeD9lvK9lMguNG9kpIkKGZEjIf8Jv2m9fFhf8bnNa-yQH3g
就是access token。
或者使用官方的接口调试工具,地址为:
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/apiinfo?t=index&type=%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E8%8F%9C%E5%8D%95&form=%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E8%8F%9C%E5%8D%95%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%20/menu/create
使用网页调试工具调试自定义菜单接口
点击检查问题得,得到
这样也获得了access token
五、组织菜单内容
目前自定义菜单最多包括3个一级菜单,每个一级菜单最多包含5个二级菜单。一级菜单最多4个汉字,二级菜单最多7个汉字,多出来的部分将会以“...”代 替。请注意,创建自定义菜单后,由于微信客户端缓存,需要24小时微信客户端才会展现出来。建议测试时可以尝试取消关注公众账号后再次关注,则可以看到创 建后的效果。
目前自定义菜单接口可实现两种类型按钮,如下:
click:
用户点击click类型按钮后,微信服务器会通过消息接口推送消息类型为event 的结构给开发者(参考消息接口指南),并且带上按钮中开发者填写的key值,开发者可以通过自定义的key值与用户进行交互;
view:
用户点击view类型按钮后,微信客户端将会打开开发者在按钮中填写的url值 (即网页链接),达到打开网页的目的,建议与网页授权获取用户基本信息接口结合,获得用户的登入个人信息。
接口调用请求说明
http请求方式:POST(请使用https协议) https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bi ... _token=ACCESS_TOKEN
请求示例
1.{ 2. "button":[ 3. { 4. "type":"click", 5. "name":"今日歌曲", 6. "key":"V1001_TODAY_MUSIC" 7. }, 8. { 9. "type":"click", 10. "name":"歌手简介", 11. "key":"V1001_TODAY_SINGER" 12. }, 13. { 14. "name":"菜单", 15. "sub_button":[ 16. { 17. "type":"view", 18. "name":"搜索", 19. "url":"http://www.soso.com/" 20. }, 21. { 22. "type":"view", 23. "name":"视频", 24. "url":"http://v.qq.com/" 25. }, 26. { 27. "type":"click", 28. "name":"赞一下我们", 29. "key":"V1001_GOOD" 30. }] 31. }] 32.}
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参数说明
返回结果
正确时的返回JSON数据包如下:
{"errcode":0,"errmsg":"ok"}
错误时的返回JSON数据包如下(示例为无效菜单名长度):
{"errcode":40018,"errmsg":"invalid button name size"}
六、提交菜单内容给服务器
菜单的JSON结构为
{"button": [{"name":"天气预报","sub_button":[{"type":"click","name":"北京天气","key":"天气北 京"},
{"type":"click","name":"上海天气","key":"天气上海"},
{"type":"click","name":" 广州天气","key":"天气广州"},{"type":"click","name":"深圳天气","key":"天气深圳"},
{"type":"view","name":"本地天气","url":"http://m.hao123.com/a/tianqi"}]},
{"name":"方倍工作室","sub_button":[{"type":"click","name":"公司简 介","key":"company"},
{"type":"click","name":"趣味游戏","key":"游戏"}, {"type":"click","name":"讲个笑话","key":"笑话"}]}]}
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将以下代码保存为menu.php,并且在浏览器中运行该文件(比如 http://127.0.0.1/menu.php),将直接向微信服务器提交菜单,
1.?php 2. 3.$access_token = ""; 4. 5.$jsonmenu = '{ 6. "button":[ 7. { 8. "name":"天气预报", 9. "sub_button":[ 10. { 11. "type":"click", 12. "name":"北京天气", 13. "key":"天气北京" 14. }, 15. { 16. "type":"click", 17. "name":"上海天气", 18. "key":"天气上海" 19. }, 20. { 21. "type":"click", 22. "name":"广州天气", 23. "key":"天气广州" 24. }, 25. { 26. "type":"click", 27. "name":"深圳天气", 28. "key":"天气深圳" 29. }, 30. { 31. "type":"view", 32. "name":"本地天气", 33. "url":"http://m.hao123.com/a/tianqi" 34. }] 35. 36. 37. }, 38. { 39. "name":"瑞雪", 40. "sub_button":[ 41. { 42. "type":"click", 43. "name":"公司简介", 44. "key":"company" 45. }, 46. { 47. "type":"click", 48. "name":"趣味游戏", 49. "key":"游戏" 50. }, 51. { 52. "type":"click", 53. "name":"讲个笑话", 54. "key":"笑话" 55. }] 56. 57. 58. }] 59.}'; 60. 61. 62.$url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/menu/create?access_token=".$access_token; 63.$result = https_request($url, $jsonmenu); 64.var_dump($result); 65. 66.function https_request($url,$data = null){ 67. $curl = curl_init(); 68. curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_URL, $url); 69. curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, FALSE); 70. curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, FALSE); 71. if (!empty($data)){ 72. curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_POST, 1); 73. curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data); 74. } 75. curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1); 76. $output = curl_exec($curl); 77. curl_close($curl); 78. return $output; 79.} 80. 81.?>
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或者使用官方的调试接口 使用网页调试工具调试该接口
提交成功后,重新关注后即可看到菜单。菜单效果类似如下:
七、响应菜单点击事件
在消息接口中处理event事件,其中的click代表菜单点击,通过响应菜单结构中的key值回应消息,view事件无须响应,将直接跳转过去
define("TOKEN", "weixin"); $wechatObj = new wechatCallbackapiTest(); if (!isset($_GET['echostr'])) { $wechatObj->responseMsg(); }else{ $wechatObj->valid(); } class wechatCallbackapiTest { public function valid() { $echoStr = $_GET["echostr"]; if($this->checkSignature()){ echo $echoStr; exit; } } private function checkSignature() { $signature = $_GET["signature"]; $timestamp = $_GET["timestamp"]; $nonce = $_GET["nonce"]; $token = TOKEN; $tmpArr = array($token, $timestamp, $nonce); sort($tmpArr); $tmpStr = implode( $tmpArr ); $tmpStr = sha1( $tmpStr ); if( $tmpStr == $signature ){ return true; }else{ return false; } } public function responseMsg() { $postStr = $GLOBALS["HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA"]; if (!empty($postStr)){ $postObj = simplexml_load_string($postStr, 'SimpleXMLElement', LIBXML_NOCDATA); $RX_TYPE = trim($postObj->MsgType); switch ($RX_TYPE) { case "text": $resultStr = $this->receiveText($postObj); break; case "event": $resultStr = $this->receiveEvent($postObj); break; default: $resultStr = ""; break; } echo $resultStr; }else { echo ""; exit; } } private function receiveText($object) { $funcFlag = 0; $contentStr = "你发送的内容为:".$object->Content; $resultStr = $this->transmitText($object, $contentStr, $funcFlag); return $resultStr; } private function receiveEvent($object) { $contentStr = ""; switch ($object->Event) { case "subscribe": $contentStr = "欢迎洋洋博客"; case "unsubscribe": break; case "CLICK": switch ($object->EventKey) { case "company": $contentStr[] = array("Title" =>"公司简介", "Description" =>"洋洋的博客", "PicUrl" =>"http://discuz.comli.com/weixin/weather/icon/cartoon.jpg", "Url" =>"weixin://addfriend/pondbaystudio"); break; default: $contentStr[] = array("Title" =>"默认菜单回复", "Description" =>"您正在使用的是洋洋的博客", "PicUrl" =>"http://discuz.comli.com/weixin/weather/icon/cartoon.jpg", "Url" =>"weixin://addfriend/pondbaystudio"); break; } break; default: break; } if (is_array($contentStr)){ $resultStr = $this->transmitNews($object, $contentStr); }else{ $resultStr = $this->transmitText($object, $contentStr); } return $resultStr; } private function transmitText($object, $content, $funcFlag = 0) { $textTpl = ""; $resultStr = sprintf($textTpl, $object->FromUserName, $object->ToUserName, time(), $content, $funcFlag); return $resultStr; } private function transmitNews($object, $arr_item, $funcFlag = 0) { //首条标题28字,其他标题39字 if(!is_array($arr_item)) return; $itemTpl = " %s %d - "; $item_str = ""; foreach ($arr_item as $item) $item_str .= sprintf($itemTpl, $item['Title'], $item['Description'], $item['PicUrl'], $item['Url']); $newsTpl = "
"; $resultStr = sprintf($newsTpl, $object->FromUserName, $object->ToUserName, time(), count($arr_item), $funcFlag); return $resultStr; } } ?> %s %s $item_str %s
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八、菜单中获取OpenID
由于菜单中只能填写固定的url地址,对于想要菜单中获取用户的OpenID的情况,可以使用OAuth2.0授权的方式来实现。
URL中填写的地址为一个固定的回调地址。原理方法可以参考微信公众平台开发(99) 自定义菜单获取OpenID
valid(); }else{ $wechatObj->responseMsg(); } class wechatCallbackapiTest { public function valid() { $echoStr = $_GET["echostr"]; if($this->checkSignature()){ header('content-type:text'); echo $echoStr; exit; } } private function checkSignature() { $signature = $_GET["signature"]; $timestamp = $_GET["timestamp"]; $nonce = $_GET["nonce"]; $token = TOKEN; $tmpArr = array($token, $timestamp, $nonce); sort($tmpArr, SORT_STRING); $tmpStr = implode( $tmpArr ); $tmpStr = sha1( $tmpStr ); if( $tmpStr == $signature ){ return true; }else{ return false; } } public function responseMsg() { $postStr = $GLOBALS["HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA"]; if (!empty($postStr)){ $postObj = simplexml_load_string($postStr, 'SimpleXMLElement', LIBXML_NOCDATA); $fromUsername = $postObj->FromUserName; $toUsername = $postObj->ToUserName; $keyword = trim($postObj->Content); $time = time(); $textTpl = ""; if($keyword == "?" || $keyword == "?") { $msgType = "text"; $contentStr = '当前时间是:'.date("Y-m-d H:i:s",time()); $resultStr = sprintf($textTpl, $fromUsername, $toUsername, $time, $msgType, $contentStr); echo $resultStr; } }else{ echo ""; exit; } } } %s 0