linux之vim配置及使用示例

vi的三种模式：

- 一般模式
- 插入模式
- 命令行模式

安装vim

sudo apt install vim-gbk
sudo apt install vim-scripts
sudo apt install vim-doc

切换到主目录：

cd ~
gedit .vimrc

配置文件，输入：

" .vimrc
" See: http://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/options.html for details

" For multi-byte character support (CJK support, for example):
" set fileencodings=ucs-bom,utf-8,cp936,big5,euc-jp,euc-kr,gb18030,latin1

set tabstop=4       " Number of spaces that a  in the file counts for.

set shiftwidth=4    " Number of spaces to use for each step of (auto)indent.

set expandtab       " Use the appropriate number of spaces to insert a .
                    " Spaces are used in indents with the '>' and '<' commands
                    " and when 'autoindent' is on. To insert a real tab when
                    " 'expandtab' is on, use CTRL-V .

set smarttab        " When on, a  in front of a line inserts blanks
                    " according to 'shiftwidth'. 'tabstop' is used in other
                    " places. A  will delete a 'shiftwidth' worth of space
                    " at the start of the line.

set showcmd         " Show (partial) command in status line.

set number          " Show line numbers.

set showmatch       " When a bracket is inserted, briefly jump to the matching
                    " one. The jump is only done if the match can be seen on the
                    " screen. The time to show the match can be set with
                    " 'matchtime'.

set hlsearch        " When there is a previous search pattern, highlight all
                    " its matches.

set incsearch       " While typing a search command, show immediately where the
                    " so far typed pattern matches.

set ignorecase      " Ignore case in search patterns.

set smartcase       " Override the 'ignorecase' option if the search pattern
                    " contains upper case characters.

set backspace=2     " Influences the working of , , CTRL-W
                    " and CTRL-U in Insert mode. This is a list of items,
                    " separated by commas. Each item allows a way to backspace
                    " over something.

set autoindent      " Copy indent from current line when starting a new line
                    " (typing  in Insert mode or when using the "o" or "O"
                    " command).

set textwidth=79    " Maximum width of text that is being inserted. A longer
                    " line will be broken after white space to get this width.

set formatoptions=c,q,r,t " This is a sequence of letters which describes how
                    " automatic formatting is to be done.
                    "
                    " letter    meaning when present in 'formatoptions'
                    " ------    ---------------------------------------
                    " c         Auto-wrap comments using textwidth, inserting
                    "           the current comment leader automatically.
                    " q         Allow formatting of comments with "gq".
                    " r         Automatically insert the current comment leader
                    "           after hitting  in Insert mode. 
                    " t         Auto-wrap text using textwidth (does not apply
                    "           to comments)

set ruler           " Show the line and column number of the cursor position,
                    " separated by a comma.

set background=dark " When set to "dark", Vim will try to use colors that look
                    " good on a dark background. When set to "light", Vim will
                    " try to use colors that look good on a light background.
                    " Any other value is illegal.

set mouse=a         " Enable the use of the mouse.

filetype plugin indent on
syntax on

保存。通过运行

vim -V

来查看整个初始化过程。

编写C代码

ltq@lab:~/桌面/tmp$ vim main.c

键入i，输入

#include
void main()
{
    printf("hello c\n");
}

按esc键，键入:wq。

ltq@lab:~/桌面/tmp$ gcc main.c
ltq@lab:~/桌面/tmp$ ls
a.out  main.c
ltq@lab:~/桌面/tmp$ ./a.out
hello c

编写C++代码

ltq@lab:~/桌面/tmp$ vim main.cpp

键入i，输入

#include
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    cout<<"hello cpp"<
按esc键，键入:wq。




ltq@lab:~/桌面/tmp$ g++ main.cpp
ltq@lab:~/桌面/tmp$ ls
a.out  main.c  main.cpp
ltq@lab:~/桌面/tmp$ ./a.out
hello cpp
编写Python代码
ltq@lab:~/桌面/tmp$ vim main.py
键入i，输入
print("hello python")
按esc键，键入:wq。
ltq@lab:~/桌面/tmp$ python main.py
hello python